Final Examination Employment Law Research Paper

Last Examination Employment Law - Research Paper Example As of late, the business had resolved to go â€Å"public† and got equipped for selling stocks and debentures on the S and P trade. Be that as it may, with this new move, the organization picked up the consideration of the neighborhood trade guild agents, who further chose to connect with the workers of the organization. In such manner, they look for authorization from Ms. Clark for their cooperation with the workers, which they are not required to do as such as they have lawful expert for playing out the equivalent. Attributable to their expert methodology, Ms. Clark allows the association delegates to enter the premises of the organization for which she needed to confront analysis and danger of end from the top level administration of the organization. This example was trailed by a proposal from the administration, which portrayed a commanding retirement bundle with the prohibition of a few ordinary retirement benefits. She didn't reaction to the proposal of the administratio n, which in the end brought about her end. Theory STATEMENT In setting to the previously mentioned case, this examination paper will distinguish and clarify the law that will be material to help Ms. Clark to manage the wrongdoing of the organization made towards her. A couple of the law that will be considered in this paper will incorporate EIRSA (Title VII), the NLRB and Tort law of the United States among others. In like manner, an end will be made about the situation of Ms. Clark in the whole situation. Conversation From the above investigation, it is very clear that Ms Clark had certain issues with her handicap in Danskin Inc. Nonetheless, the methodology of the organization made towards her with respect to advancement and choice of reaching the association delegates can be countered according to the EIRSA (Title VII), the NLRB and state Torts law so as to arrive at an extreme resolution on her privileges and stands in the whole situation. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) is a government law of the United States, established in the year 1974 with the aim of ensuring the privileges of annuity plan gauges of the representatives in the work environment. Logically, title VII of the Act manages the part of worker segregation in the work environment based on sex, race, age and other related factor. In any case, for the situation, Ms Clark was controlled from the post of Senior Vice president in the association because of the explanation that she was lawfully visually impaired and regarded not fit to confront the difficulties alongside the duties engaged with that specific assignment. Relevantly, it very well may be expressed that the methodology of organization couldn't be countered or addressed in such manner as its direct was not oppressive according to title VII of the ERISA. Be that as it may, according to the Age Discrimination Employment Act (ADEA), managers ought not segregate the representatives on grounds of their age and deny them fr om picking up work openings. In like manner, the methodology of the organization as far as not advancing Ms. Clark additionally has the relationship of her age factor as an explanation. Moreover, in this comparative respect, Ms. Clark can likewise counter the methodology made by the organization towards her based on the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) 1990, which expresses that businesses will have the obligation to treat all the representatives based on their competency and not their handicap. For this situation, Ms. Clark’s advancement was exclusively controlled based on her legitimate visual impairment (Auburn University, â€Å"

Environmental Hazards and Toxicity-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Environmental Hazards and Toxicity. Answer: Presentation Climate is getting hotter and hotter, all through the world, in view of the expanding surrounding temperature and the resultant a worldwide temperature alteration. The state of the laborers in the climate that is damp and more sizzling expands the warmth stress chance, particularly, for those, who are working in open and no concealed surfaces. Henceforth, extra consideration must be taken consideration for the open spot working specialists, to guarantee safe working conditions and hazardless condition. The hazard evaluation for the warmth stress is created for guaranteeing safe working conditions, by guaranteeing them to keep the laborers from any prospects of building up the warmth stress. Warmth Stress Warmth is produced, fundamentally inside the body itself and furthermore gets procured from the earth, remotely. The additional warmth created in the body is lost from the body, by the endeavors of sweat dissipation from the outside of the skin. On the off chance that the body is chilly, overabundance heat is produced through shuddering. Warmth stress is the consequence of warmth collection surpassing the bodys capacity for evacuating this overabundance heat. Center temperature is kept up by a human body and it is done in a range that is tight. At the point when this cutoff is surpassed, disappointment of the indispensable organs will be come about and in the end, the human may bite the dust in the wake of getting oblivious. The system of the fundamental human body is losing the warmth that is in abundance, through perspiration vanishing. The perspiration dissipation causes to lose just water, with the goal that much warmth isn't lost, from the body (WSH, 2010). Sweat dissipation includes the procedure of changes of sweat from the condition of fluid to gas. More perspiration vanishing is accomplished for the lower dampness substance of the air, moderately and when the dampness content is high, less dissipation gets happened, in high relative moistness. At the point when the physical work is extreme, more than one liter of sweat or fluid can be lost, in 60 minutes, through perspiring. In the event that, the loss of this body liquid is in bigger sums, through the perspiring procedure, the outcome would be lack of hydration and it brings about blood course weakness and furthermore the internal heat level guideline. Along these lines, substitution of water ought to be done through incessant drinking of water for keeping up satisfactory hydration, with the goal that the system of perspiring of human capacities ideally. Dangers Despite the fact that constant admission of water is done, in the warmth, there is a chance of the warmth worry, since the body consistently attempts to evacuate the warmth that is abundance. The conditions of the warmth stress are heat cramps, heat stroke and warmth depletion. Warmth Cramps This most punctual sign is the muscle tonic compression indication of squeezing in the legs. It is generally, on account of the electrolyte and liquid misfortunes from gigantic perspiring and occurs after overwhelming physical work. The treatment for this is supplanting electrolytes and liquid and taking rest. Warmth Stroke Warmth feed happens, when additional warmth couldn't expel, in view of increment of center temperature. It brings about failure to talk, become oblivious and lose elements of inside and bladder and may bomb the seating system. It might harm the imperative body organs, similar to kidney, mind, liver. On the off chance that it not treated in time, it might bring about death. The treatment is to alarm the laborers and first aiders. Quick consideration must be looked for by the laborer, on the off chance that the person feels bleary eyed, unwell, excruciating spasms, cerebral pain or on the off chance that anybody breakdown. The body must be cooled, ideally in a cooled region, wipe with water, in the wake of, taking off materials and afterward fanning. Dissemination must be reestablished and legs are to be raised one foot over the ground. At that point emergency vehicle must be called for sending to the medical clinic. Warmth Exhaustion It happens, when the electrolytes and water are lost from the body, as it impacts the progression of blood to the essential organs. The indications are unsteadiness, feeling powerless or in any event, blacking out, vision obscuring, cerebral pains and stomach torment. Sweat is proceeded and internal heat level is higher. The treatment would be electrolytes and liquids substitution, cooling the body and physical movement end (WSH, 2010). At that point move the individual to the territory of cool or cooler spot, wipe down in the wake of taking off materials, wet with fabric or towel and fan. Lift the legs to over one foot above teh ground. Dangers Associated The warmth stress, whenever expanded to a degree of wild condition could result into the warmth stroke advancement. Also, the results of the warmth stress would be not kidding. WSH Components of Heat Stress in the Workplace There are three significant elements that contribute the warmth worry in the site, of the organization (WSH, 2012). Variables, identified with the individual laborers, for example, acclimatization, hydration, general wellbeing condition, age, liquor utilization, diabetes, resistant concealment, stoutness and other ailments Nature or sort of work, for example, pace of work, outstanding burden, fabrics worn, kind of work Condition of work, for example, stickiness, temperature, ventilation Companys Responsibility Warmth stress and the subsequent warmth stroke would have genuine conditions and thus, the administration and different partners need to take significant estimations of limiting the danger of the warmth worry, as they are dependable to act under (Workplace Safety and Health) Act. Guidelines of WSH, Singapore, chance administration need directing the hazard appraisal by the work environments, so gauges are taken for decreasing and killing the dangers. It requests acclimatization of the laborers in the neighborhood states of climate, before the tasks start (WSH, 2010). Since, the laborers are intended to show up about fourteen days preceding the activities, the fourteen days time must be used so that they get acclimatized to the states of the nearby climate. (Stephan Constantin, 2012) Hazard Assessment Specifics Against the warmth stress Against the open working Against remaining task at hand As indicated by WSH, Singapore Proposals Preventive Actions and Measures It is significant that the hazard appraisal incorporates the accompanying estimations to be taken, with the goal that most extreme danger of the warmth stress can be forestalled (Hale Ytehus, 2004). Give polyolefine coveralls to all the laborers and set its wet bulb worldwide temperature to 29,50 Brief sanctuaries must be orchestrated inside the site, so resting is conceivable, during shorter and standard periods. All the laborers need to experience Construction Safety Orientation Course to know about the warmth stress issues. Change the timings of absolute 8 or 10 hours of working, so that the initial 4 or 5 hours are allotted from promptly in the first part of the day and finish the primary half, prior. Also, second half ought to be begun only four hours before the light comes up short (WSH, 2013). Along these lines, mid-day break ought to be given between 11AM to 3PM. It is conceivable, since all the laborers are obliged by the organization. The convenience is prescribed to be kept up nearer to the site, so they can have sufficient opportunity to rest, during the night, without sitting around much in movement. It ought to guarantee that the temperature ought not be surpassing 290C and the relative mugginess to 85%, as indicated by the WSH Act (WSH, 2010). Breaks to be given after each 1 hour of working for liquid admission. Lemon water can improve the endurance to work in the more sizzling climate, with less comprehensive nature. Direct open air exercises for the laborers during the fourteen days before the start of work, towards acclimatization. Keep up an AC room close to the work environment. Make the cool drinking and sports drinking water nearer to the laborers and furthermore guarantee that the laborers have 500 ml water, each hour. Medical aid hardware and fundamental materials. First aider and specialist to be available consistently in the site, during The companys park development goes under Heat Stress 2, since the laborers work under sun. At first, the remaining task at hand must be 2 days and ought to be step by step expanded. Requirements The organization is mentioned to give the accompanying hardware, framework and the important spending plan. Hardware, framework, Material and Others Sports drinking water, provided nearer to all aspects of the operational site. One cooled space to oblige the laborers to rest for some time, when the move and if there should be an occurrence of any warmth strokes. Transitory Shades WBGT Monitor Medical aid First aider Specialist near the site Contact quantities of emergency vehicle, medical clinic Hazard administrator Different offices Spending Request The spending plan required - S.No. Office Financial plan in USD 1 Sports drinking water 500 2 One cooled room 1000 3 WBGT Monitor 100 4 Brief Shades 100 5 Emergency treatment 50 6 First aider 1000 7 Specialist near the site 1500 8 Hazard Supervisor 1500 9 Polyolefine Coveralls 1000 10 Different offices 250 The complete financial plan required is = 7000 USD Assessment Measures Guarantee individual wellness enough to work in development of the recreation center, before arrangement of the laborer. Direct clinical test following multi week of the inception of the work, to guarantee the acclimatization of the laborers. Guarantee agenda of the hazard evaluation variables to be confirmed, each day, prior to the move starts. Report to Company The stopping development venture is conveyed in the open sun, with no shade thus the hazard evaluation, chance components and proposals, alongside the financial plan are given in the report. It is mentioned to give the suggested offices, as per the WSH Act. End Hazard appraisal has been performed after a nitty gritty investigation of warmth stress, its causes, components and medicines. Hazard appraisal is performed to forestall the mishaps and perils and the proposals are given in the report. References WS

Research Methods in Social Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Methods in Social Sciences - Essay Example  The test review is a planed structure that dispenses an extraordinary arrangement command over the states of the exploration technique (Ruane, 2004). All investigations involve irregular assignment of members in the wonder of the exploration, reliant and autonomous factors. The primary point of playing out an investigation is to look at easygoing relationship between the reliant variable and free factor. Specialists may complete investigations in very controlled lab settings or in field conditions, in which the analyst has to some degree less command over the resultant powers that may impact the factors. In the lab, the analyst ordinarily has sufficient command over fringe powers that may influence the member. Simon shows that the motivation behind the exploratory strategy is to produce information from which a scientist may get certifiable ends as proficiently as could reasonably be expected. The inconsistencies in results showed among the distinctive test and control bunches don 't emerge from variations in unique structures among the gatherings. Or maybe, they result from contrasts among the upgrades offered to the exploratory gatherings. As Crane, and Brewer states, the specialist who readies the examination and plans the end measures, additionally settle how the autonomous variable is to be moved in most exploratory research. What's more, most test look into targets testing gauges dependent on theory as opposed to summing up legitimately from the mimicked setting of the research center to genuine experience.â

Motivation in the Workplace Essay - 2222 Words

For this assignment, I am going to describe and discuss several motivation theories. Then I will compare and contrast different aspects of the theories to each other and discuss how the different theories relate to my workplace. Why is motivation important in an organization? According to Grensing-Pophal (2002), motivation is giving employees a reason to perform something. Motivated employees are more likely to miss less work, perform at a higher level, and be more likely to stay at their current company. For a business owner, all these effects will result in a more successful business. Over the years, there have been a number of psychological theories that attempt to define the concept of motivation. The first set of theories I†¦show more content†¦An interesting aspect of Maslow’s Hierarchy is that until needs of the prior levels are met, a person will not be able to move to the next level (Jones and George 2011). In other words, an employee job will not be mo tivated by the need to feel self-actualized in a position where they do not feel that their job is secure. Another need theory is Alderfer’s Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (ERG) Theory. According to Jones and George (2011), Alderfer’s theory is very similar to Maslow’s Hierarchy, but there are several significant differences. The first difference is that Alderfer used three levels or categories, rather than five. These three levels are existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. Existence needs consist of basic needs (such as food, water, and shelter) and safety needs. The second category is relatedness needs. These needs can be described as interacting with others. The final category is growth needs. These are needs such as self-development and having creative work to perform. According to Jones and George (2011), an important distinction between Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory and Alderfer’s ERG Theory is that †Alderfer believed that a person can be motivated by needs at more than one level at the same time.† Gupta (2011) points out that when an employee is not able to satisfy one of the higher level needs, that the lower level needs will become more important to an employee. For example, if an employ feels that theirShow MoreRelatedMotivation in The Workplace1771 Words   |  8 Pagesrequirements of their job, but are experiencing shortcomings in doing so, many times it is believed that worker motivation may be the root of the problem (Laird 95). What, though, is work motivation? According to Laird (2006), â€Å"motivation is a fundamental component of performance â€Å" and â€Å"is the reason that someone chooses to do some things and chooses not to do others†. In other words, work motivation is what energizes workers to the level of output required to fulfill a task, directs their energy towardsRead MoreWorkplace Motivation1770 Words   |  8 Pagesbe very useful tools to increase motivation from the employees, reduce employee turnover and help to maintain skilled and talented pers onnel. Strategies used to influence employee loyalty can be intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is explained as ones personal incentive to engage in an activity for a feeling of personal satisfaction and accomplishment without expectation of external rewards or recognition. Whereas, extrinsic motivation is defined as using external incentivesRead MoreThe Impact Of Motivation On The Workplace861 Words   |  4 PagesOnce I would like to start off explaining what motivation in the workplace. Motivation is an employee s intrinsic enthusiasm about and drive to accomplish activities related to work. Motivation is that internal drive that causes an individual to decide to take action. The five job related factors that can hinder motivation in the workplace are (1) Inadequate Job Skills, (2) Opportunity for Advancement, (3) Overwork, (4) Respect from Co-worker, and (5) Job security. Inadequate Job Skills- In theRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On The Workplace759 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic in the workplace that I have chosen to discuss is that of motivation in the workplace. Problems of motivation can cause performance issues, which cost businesses thousands of dollars each year (Nordmeyer). Low motivation delays employees from completing their work and causes many mistakes made within the workplace (Nordmeyer). The definition of motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, as well as persistence of effort, towards attaining a goal (RobbinsRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1504 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Honore (2009), James Lindner (1998), and an article by Fred Herrera (2002). All three articles discussed the topic of employee motivation in the workplace. The authors examined several motivational theories and put forward their ideas on the concepts and application of motivational techniques. The aut hors’ work provides insight into the psychology of motivation and the different factors and theories that affect it. My conclusion is in line with the authors’, motivated employees are needed forRead MoreWorkplace Motivation Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to motivation because this works want to get high quality .However, there are some problems which face so many people during the motivation . So there are a lot of theories appeared to help people to get the best motivation. What is the motivation .To reply this question that means you can understand the motivation also you can know how do you deal with problem motivation. There are a lot of definitions for motivation some people make briefly definition for motivation ,thatRead MoreMotivation in the Workplace Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesto and if they do not receive what they deserve the situation may board on injustice. Unfortunately in today’s society justice and appreciation are not given out to all those deserving (Pinder, 1998). A major problem to address is how to keep the motivation level high in a company when the employees do not feel appreciated. The Equity Theory touches on the effects these situations have on the employee’s motivational level. In society today employees are constantly comparing how they are treated comparedRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1413 Words   |  6 Pagesproduct and or quality is of the same caliber. The key to an employee performance is motivation. The expression, you can lead a horse to water but you cannot force it to drink water, can be seen within the human race. The purpose of this paper is to discuss motivation in the workplace. To have a successful company, employee must be motivated enough to work and get the job done. One way have success in the workplace is to define the morale and motivate employees. The human resource department orRead MoreWorkplace Motivation: QVC1314 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Workplace Motivation: QVC Motivation is a psychological process that causes arousal, direction, and the persistence of voluntary actions that are goal oriented (Ramlall, 2004). Lack of motivation is the main reason employees do not remain with a company. Employee retention is critical for a company to remain successful. For every 10 managerial and professional employees lost, an organization loses an average of $1 million (Ramlall, 2004). With respect to QVC, it is the nations largest electronicRead MoreAchieving Motivation At The Workplace1177 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: 1. What is the best way to achieve motivation at work? Explain your answer with reference to relevant literature and examples. Problem Statement: Achieving motivation at the workplace is extremely important as the desire for workers to perform more efficiently and higher in terms of quality can directly influence the overall performance of a company (Ridgeway, 1982). Thus, discovering the best way to achieve motivation at work is a very necessary topic to be discussed. However, the definition

English 2211 Xtiaa - 1200 Words

Roshonda Parker Dr. James H. Meredith English 2211 XTIAA April 25, 2014 1 .In the context of this poem and the other poems we read, what exactly do you think Bradstreet means here? (10 points) In the context of her religious situation, what does this poem say about her audience? In Anne Bradstreet’s Poem â€Å"The Prologue† The author is speaking out against the Puritans views on women and the roles they play in society at that time. In this era women were viewed as second class citizens. Women had no public influence the only time they could speak in public was to read the scriptures in church. In the following sentence â€Å"I am obnoxious to each carping tongue† the female author is saying that she ignores the negative and scornful remarks†¦show more content†¦Strangely did the Lord provide for them; that I did not see(all the time I was among them) one man, woman or child die with hunger† (Rowlandson 283). Mary Rowlandson along with the other Puritans were taught and truly believed that the Indians were evil devil worshipping people. They felt they were unclean, one mission of the Puritans were to keep the Indians from learning about the Gospel. They believed that they were the only pure and holy people. Mary was aston ished at the well of God in which directed the Indians in which she refers to as heathens toward a worthy purpose. Webster’s defines heathens as†an unconverted member of a people or nation that does not acknowledge the God of the Bible†. Through her eleven week captivity because of the miracles she witness she saw firsthand that God watched over and protected all people. â€Å"God had an over-ruling hand in all those things†. Work Cited: Rowlandson, Mary. â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration.† Baym, Nina. Anthology of American Literature; Beginnings to 1820. 8th. A. New York: W.W. Norton amp; Company, 2007. 259-287.Print. 3. In this course thus far, we have looked at how the Puritans put a definitive stamp on the moral, religious, and intellectual character of this nation. In that

Gender Roles in Susan Glaspells A Jury Of Her Peers and...

Gender Roles in Susan Glaspells A Jury Of Her Peers and Trifles Twentieth century society places few stereotypical roles on men and women. The men are not the sole breadwinners, as they once were, and the women are no longer the sole homemakers. The roles are often reversed, or, in the case of both parents working, the old roles are totally inconsequential. Many works of literature deal with gendered roles and their effect on society as a whole or on an individual as a person. A Jury Of Her Peers and Trifles, both written by Susan Glaspell, are works of literature that deal with socially gendered roles during the early nineteenth century. The two works are almost exactly alike in that the dialogue from A Jury Of Her†¦show more content†¦Wrights life in their hands to do with what they will. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find the evidence needed to convict Minnie Wright and they suppress it. They were women who understood the plight of loneliness and the death of a beloved pet. Mrs. Hale understood that Mr. Wright was a hard man to li ve with and she knew that he had not only killed Mrs. Wrights bird but he had also killed the real Minnie Foster, the girl she had been. The men in the story, Sheriff Peters, Mr. Hale, and the young unmarried County Attorney, see only surface things. They believe that the motive for Johns murder lies in the bedroom or in the barn. The men flounder around ignorantly searching for something they will never find because they can not think as Minnie Wright did. If the women had told them about the discovery of the dead bird, they would probably laugh and say that the women needed to go back to their quilting and their jellies. The ragged and uneven sewing that suggests a misplaced state of mind in Minnie Wright would also have been laughed at. The men wanted to find something concrete that would easily convince an all male jury but they never would. To men, dead canaries are dead canaries, they would never read into it what Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Peters, and Mrs. Wright did. The gap between husband and wife is made even more apparent through dialogue. The men hear that Mrs. Wright was worrying about her preserves, and they laugh at her saying that she should beShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1408 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up in Iowa in the 1800s and 1900s, Susan Glaspell took inspiration for many of her stories from personal experiences. As a former courthouse reporter herself, Glaspell’s short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is based largely on her involvement with a murder case and a kitchen she recalled investigating. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† a rendition of her early play, Trifles, focuses on the homicide of an abusive husband by his wife. While the men investigating the case overlook the various signs of abuseRead MoreAnalysis Of Susan Glaspells Trifles: Patriarchal Dominance997 Words   |  4 PagesPatriarchal Dominance Susan Glaspell’s a stage play Trifles filmed by Jasmine Castillo is based on the theme that two genders are separated by the roles they performance in society and their powers of execution. The story is about the terrible murder of Mr. Wright by his wife, and the women who found the evidence in farmer’s house decided to be silent and hide it. The women unquestionably have a strong motive to be quiet about their discovery. The discriminatory separation between two genders proves that womenRead MoreFeminism at Its Best810 Words   |  3 PagesGender roles have transformed throughout time, from the domestic womanhood of the 1920s to the breadwinners of the 21st century. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† Susan Glaspell articulates the suffrage women of her time had to endure brought on by the weaker sex stereotype that had plagued the human brain for quite some time. Annenberg Learner states that the short story is based on a true event Susan Glaspell had covered in 19 00 while working as a reporter for Des Moines Daily News (Annenberg Learner;Read MoreFeminist At Heart By Susan Glaspell Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist at Heart Susan Glaspell is one of the less known backbones of American women writers. She was unconventional in a conventional time, and paved the way for respect in journalism, and then writing, for women. In a time when women were supposed to be quiet, obedient housewives, and not much else, she gave women a voice and challenged the stereotype while bringing common women’s issues to the spotlight. Glaspell started as a newspaper writer and evolved into a literary master, though she isRead MoreUnderstanding Feminism in Susan Glaspells Trifles1577 Words   |  7 Pages8th, 2012 Understanding Feminism in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles Susan Glaspell lived during a time where women’s rights were not fully acknowledged. The oppression of women during this time stretched to the point that they were not truly acknowledged as their own person. They were to be seen and not heard so to speak. Their sole purpose was to take care of their families by keeping house and performing their caretaker duties. Glaspell even demonstrates in her story that the women in this town wereRead MoreThe Use of Symbols in Susan Glaspell’s Play Trifles1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn the nineteenth century until the twentieth century, women lived under men’s shadows. In that time, inequality between genders was the most obvious thing that characterized the society. Women’s role was guided by men and was simply related to their domestic environment; nothing but a caring wife and a busy mother. Unlike now, men looked at women as machines that had to provide comfort and mind relax to their husbands even if their hus bands did not provide that to them. To be specific, society inRead MoreThe Unbalanced Scale Between Men and Women940 Words   |  4 Pagesissue concerning gender has â€Å"consistently occupy the media and the public mind.† (Correll 20). It has established beliefs about the roles of men and women as a whole. â€Å"A man is expected always to be strong, impervious to pain, and especially to emotional stress, dominant in the role of lord and master; a woman is expected to be docile, submissive, passive, fulfilled in the role of subordinate.† (Fremon 129). It has been concluded for the longest time that women are the inferior gender, biologicallyRead MoreThe Deception of Trifles: Gender Roles in the Play by Glaspell1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 19th Century, women had different roles and treated differently compared to today’s women in American society. In the past, men expected women to carry out the duties of a homemaker, which consisted of cleaning and coo king. In earlier years, men did not allow women to have opinions or carry on a job outside of the household. As today’s societies, women leave the house to carry on jobs that allow them to speak their minds and carry on roles that men carried out in earlier years. In theRead MoreTiffles Annotated Bibliography1375 Words   |  6 PagesTrifles Annotated Bibliography Alkalay-Gut, Karen. Jury of Her Peers: The Importance of Trifles. Studies in Short Fiction 21 (Winter 1984): 1-9. In this deeper look into Trifles, Karen goes through the plot and discusses what you should pay more attention too. She describes the symbolism in some of the objects as well as explain the scenes and their little details. Karen finds the difference between male and female perceptions of judgment to be central to the play. She explains that youRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay1789 Words   |  8 Pagesdefined as the treatment of someone or something with due fairness, but the fairness of a situation is often seen differently, depending upon the viewer. In Susan Glaspell’s, A Jury of Her Peers, the idea of who is capable to fairly judge a person, and therefore serve justice, is examined through the arrest of Mrs. Minnie Wright for the murder of her husband. As the sheriff and others go to the Wrights’ house, the suggestion is made that those empowered by law to cast judgement and those with an understanding

Retail Industry AR and VR Technologies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Retail Industry AR and VR Technologies. Answer: Overview of Startup and Retail Industry: The startup organization will be an online retail platform catering to clothing and makeup products to the customers. It will target the professionals who dont get time to go to the store on real time basis and yet want to try the clothing and makeup looks before placing an order. This can be augmented by using the current technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR). Australia is expanding into a stable retail industry with the influx of various international retail brands making an entry due to the countrys geographical presence near to Asia, increasing demand of the consumers, and viable economic conditions (Nikki Baird, 2017). Retail media arent progressive currently and yet have iterative impact on the innovation. Fundamentally it is changing the view how shoppers draw in with retailer. Before it affects the technology, retailers must know the impact of using retail media network on their business (Roy Morgan Research, 2016). Existing technology analysis and trends: The Australian retail industry is behind the curve and is using smart phones or the sales technologies only. The AR and VR technologies have not been in use as customer-centric and are mostly being used for marketing purposes only (Roy Morgan Research, 2016). AR and VR: VR connects with consumer by creating simulated world using technologies like handset or electronic hardware.For example, a protective cap with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors. In comparison, AR covers virtual components onto this present reality as observed through a cell phone or tablet (Nikki Baird, 2017). Unlike VR, AR does not depress the perspective of ones environment, rather, "increases" this present reality with pictures, content, video, illustrations, and so on. This feature advances AR to wide-scale, especially in retail. Additionally, while VR has totally astounded media outlets; AR has discovered a reliable balance in the retail business. Organizations can give a level of association between their items and customers by submerging them in a totally new condition with usage of AR(Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz, 2016). Problem Statement and Benefits of AR and VR: The start-up needs to provide a walk-in retail experience to target customers with their online platform from the comfort of customers home. VRand ARhave mostly been used as marketing tools offering individuals chance to change how they shop. One client may attempt on shirt without travelling to the store. The applications utilizing innovation focus on the client comfort providing customized client counter (Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz, 2016). The effective joining of VR and AR into retail models will incredibly change the way retailers are considering stores without boundaries. Recommendation Conclusion The patterns that will most influence the business' future;Autonomous Retail Service Robot (ARSR) technology can progress and heighten in-store facility and training. Customers can have a look on robots 3D scanner by showing an item, they actual want (Euromonitor International, 2016). The retail condition is as unique today as it has ever been. Rivalry is increasing and moving to new fields, and customers are quickly advancing their way to deal with buy choices. An opportunity to act is presently. Retailers that do will be the champs when the following part of retailing history is composed (Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz, 2016). References Nikki Baird (2017). In Retail, AR is for shoppers and VR is for Business, Forbes [online]. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nikkibaird/2017/04/26/in-retail-ar-is-for-shoppers-and-vr-is-for-business/ [Accessed 7 August 2017] Euromonitor International (2016). Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Retail-Fad or Future. Available from: https://www.euromonitor.com/virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality-in-retail-fad-or-future-/report [Accessed 7 August 2017] Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz (2016). Virtual and Augmented Reality will reshape Retail. Harvard Business Review. Available from: https://hbr.org/2016/09/virtual-and-augmented-reality-will-reshape-retail [Accessed 7 August 2017] Roy Morgan Research 2016. Australian Retail Industry leaders are behind the curve on technology adoption. Article No. 7056. Available from: https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7056-technology-adoption-among-retail-industry-decision-makers-june-2016-201611181225 [Accessed 7 August 2017]

Brave New World By Huxley Essays - Huxley Family,

Brave New World By Huxley Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World out of fear of society's apparent lack of morals and corrupt behaviour during the roaring twenties. Huxley believed that the future was doomed to a non-individualistic, conformist society, a society void of the family unit, religion and human emotions. Throughout the novel, Huxley predicts many events for the future, most of which concentrate on a morally corrupt society. The most important of these predictions include: greater sexual freedom, over-population, brain-washing/sleep-teaching, and the use of mind altering drugs. Aldous Huxley's Brave New World warns of a possible future dystopia, based on social attitudes and medical advancements of his time. Huxley's future dystopia is created largely by perverted sexual freedoms, which in turn cause corrupt individuals, entirely lacking ethics and morals. Sexual promiscuity appears to be a much more frequent activity now then it was in the Thirties. Critics blame "...the advent of the pill for declining morality and indiscriminate sexual activity." Many believe that each time medicine reduces the risk of unwanted diseases and pregnancies, society, on the whole, will increase its sexual activity. Huxley's prediction of promiscuity is based on his iron law of sexuality: "As political and economic freedom diminishes, sexual freedom tends compensatingly to increase." A current example of Huxley's belief is China. China is the last remaining communist regime, it also suffers from having one fifth of the world's population within its borders. Needless to say, China's large population is a direct result of a very sexually active society. Aldous Huxley's fears of the future caused him to write about sexual freedom and the resulting over-population in Brave New World. Over-population is another problem which is addressed by Huxley, and is the direct result of sexual freedom. The fear which Huxley addresses concerning population control is: "Food supplies cannot grow as fast as people can, and population growth in underdeveloped countries will jeopardize the world order." Simply stated the growing population of earth will consume more than it will be able to produce, unless some form of regulating births can be created. This is an obvious truth today, as millions of people are starving each day. The brave new world that Huxley speaks of, is a warning to mankind concerning its destruction of the laws of nature. For example, marriage is forbidden, as well as, pregnancies, and mothers are non-existent because possible children result in abortion. In Brave New World over-population is solved by society's ability to produce as many or as few humans as are necessary to keep the population at equilibrium. The solution is test-tube babies or "bottled babies" as they are referred to in the book. Effective birth control of such a large population is difficult to achieve, especially in a society where people are encouraged to be sexually active with numerous partners. Today, the world is facing over-population head on, with mixed results. Abortions are not readily accepted by most, and birth control in third world countries is virtually impossible. Huxley realizes the problem with mass birth control, and solves it by making seventy percent of the female population sterile, while only thirty percent of the women remain fertile. By leaving thirty percent of the women fertile, Huxley is able to show that even though birth control on a large scale is difficult, it is possible to achieve. Through the religious use of contraceptives, pregnancies rarely occur, however, when a pregnancy does occur it results in an immediate abortion. Huxley's fear of over-population and the control of so many people is an obvious concern which comes to light in Brave New World. Brain-washing is suggested by Aldous Huxley in the form of manipulating individuals, rather than the masses. While brain-washing and sleep-teaching are different (the former being done while the subject is awake, and the latter being done while the subject is asleep), both methods employed by Huxley, act upon the subconscious to obtain the same final results. Prior to Brave New World, Huxley researched the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov and his experiments on dogs. The Pavlovian dog was subjected to highly stressful conditions, this was done to teach the dog how to react to certain stimuli. The end results of these tests were dogs who had been broken, became mentally insane. Prime human examples are the veterans of the world wars, where victims became incapacitated from intense stress and fear (known as "shell shock"). Huxley suggests that teaching under such stressful conditions can also be considered torture (in its most refined state). Huxley once wrote, "The effectiveness of political and religious propaganda depends upon the methods

Free Essays on Opposing Views On Surrogate Motherhood

Surrogacy: A Dream Come True â€Å"Infertility, which affects as many as 1 in 6 couples, is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex...one-third of the time it lies with the female.† The â€Å"American Dream† has changed very little over the years- a happy marriage, a family, a nice secure life in the suburbs...but for some people, that dream will never become a reality. Due to high infertility rates, many couples are unable to reproduce without outside help. Surrogate motherhood offers an alternative that allows couples to parent children who are still genetically connected to one or both parents. Surrogacy is a better option than adoption for many couples because changes in society have resulted in a lower number of children available for adoption, most infertile couples would like a newborn baby, and there are a number of benefits to have children who are genetically related to their parents. Medical advancements have allowed for creation of more reliable forms of birth control and educators have improved sex education for kids and even adults; thus resulting in a lower number of children being put up for adoption. As stated by COTS, or Childlessness Overcome Through Surrogacy, the number of couples applying for adoption greatly outweigh the number of children available and â€Å"for many, surrogacy is the only alternative to childlessness.† According to the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, the number of adoptions for Ohio dropped by 1,038 from 1985 to 1995. Surrogacy and adoption both require testing and background checks; however, in most cases the process of adoption takes much longer than months- especially since newborn babies are in highest demand. When a couple makes the decision to have a baby, they want exactly that- a baby. Newborn babies are adopted first, which is why â€Å"the number of older special needs children waiting adoption has skyrocketed.† T... Free Essays on Opposing Views On Surrogate Motherhood Free Essays on Opposing Views On Surrogate Motherhood Surrogacy: A Dream Come True â€Å"Infertility, which affects as many as 1 in 6 couples, is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex...one-third of the time it lies with the female.† The â€Å"American Dream† has changed very little over the years- a happy marriage, a family, a nice secure life in the suburbs...but for some people, that dream will never become a reality. Due to high infertility rates, many couples are unable to reproduce without outside help. Surrogate motherhood offers an alternative that allows couples to parent children who are still genetically connected to one or both parents. Surrogacy is a better option than adoption for many couples because changes in society have resulted in a lower number of children available for adoption, most infertile couples would like a newborn baby, and there are a number of benefits to have children who are genetically related to their parents. Medical advancements have allowed for creation of more reliable forms of birth control and educators have improved sex education for kids and even adults; thus resulting in a lower number of children being put up for adoption. As stated by COTS, or Childlessness Overcome Through Surrogacy, the number of couples applying for adoption greatly outweigh the number of children available and â€Å"for many, surrogacy is the only alternative to childlessness.† According to the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, the number of adoptions for Ohio dropped by 1,038 from 1985 to 1995. Surrogacy and adoption both require testing and background checks; however, in most cases the process of adoption takes much longer than months- especially since newborn babies are in highest demand. When a couple makes the decision to have a baby, they want exactly that- a baby. Newborn babies are adopted first, which is why â€Å"the number of older special needs children waiting adoption has skyrocketed.† T...

The organizational culture for results Research Paper

The organizational culture for results - Research Paper Example The research revealed the existence of several cultures and subcultures in Widney Cabs Ltd that matched the theoretical models developed by both Schein in the three level of classification i.e. Assumptions, Values and Artefacts and Denison's classification that outlines four attributes namely: Involvement, Consistency, Adaptability and Mission. This study will evaluate and assess the different aspects of organizational culture that exist in Widney Cabs Ltd. The study examines these culture(s) and sub cultures in light of the relationship with models or classification from academic literature, existing knowledge and theories on organizational culture. Jacques (1951) defines organizational culture as the customary or traditional ways of thinking and doing things common to most members of an organization. There exists a significant level of formal knowledge on the subject of culture(s) and sub-cultures that exist in organizations and their effects on the organizational behaviour. Founders and leaders of organizations create these cultures, which are then developed and sustained by people. Organization's executives generate and impart the organization's ideals. They also promote the core values that convey inclination to certain behaviors or effects. Norms on the other hand express acceptable ways of achieving set goals. Studies have shown that the development of organizational culture requires interaction within the membership. (Louis, Posner, and Powell 1983). According to Schein (1985), there are three levels of culture,the basic being Assumptions that form the foundation of culture. Assumptions Espoused values Artefacts (Beliefs, thoughts) (Goals, strategies e.t.c) (Visible manifestations) Fig 1. These assumptions are unconscious beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, and feelings. Next to these are the espoused values that consist of goals, philosophies. Lastly are the artefacts, which are physical manifestations, which may not be obvious to a lay observer of organizational behaviour and process. Schein's model has had a wide acceptance and has in many ways allowed insight on culture. However the model raises some questions: Who is unconscious about these assumptions It is presumed that the researcher will be aware but not the organizational members. What happen to the presumption when the organizational members learn about the Assumptions It is important that leaders learn about the underlying links that hold artefacts; values and assumptions together so that they can better understand the usefulness of this model in creating positive organizational change. Research by John VanMaanan and Steven Barley (1984) shed some light on the nature of interactions. They found out that intera ction was "cognitive and behavioural". New personnel learn from the established workplace community the conventional occupational behaviours and practices that are acceptable across the board. In organizations

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example This essay stresses that CSR has been known to have a great positive impact on the reputation of a business but very little, if any, impact on the profit margins of a company. This paper declares that the level to which these principles are applied is institutional and is on the basis of a firms basic business obligations as a business unit. Principles of social responsiveness are of value simply because they define the institutional relationship between businesses and the society and gives a specification of what is expected of the business. This being the first level of measuring CSR, it is all about the relationship between the relationship between businesses and the society at large. This level has three major elements. The first major element is legitimacy. This concerns the business as a social institution and it frames the analytical view of the relationship between a business and society. The second element is public responsibility. This concerns the individual firm and its processes and outcomes within the framework of its own principles in terms of what it actually does. The third element is managerial discretion. This element refers to the membe rs of the organization, managers especially, as moral actors of the company. Managers are under obligation to exercise discretion as is availed to them towards socially responsible outcomes within every domain of corporate social responsibility.... Just like any other business variable, CSR is measureable. Much interest has grown on the measurement of CSR and as a result, people have developed numerous literary documents that try to explain how CSR can be measured. The most common approach for measuring CSR is a systems model that is referred to as the 3p Model (Hopkins 2012). This model evaluates the CSR performance of a business on three levels namely: Principles of social responsibility; Processes of social responsiveness; and Products or the outcomes as they relate to the firms societal relationships. Principles of Social Responsiveness The level to which these principles are applied is institutional and is on the basis of a firms basic business obligations as a business unit. Principles of social responsiveness are of value simply because they define the institutional relationship between businesses and the society and gives a specification of what is expected of the business. This being the first level of measuring CSR, i t is all about the relationship between the relationship between businesses and the society at large. This level has three major elements. The first major element is legitimacy. This concerns the business as a social institution and it frames the analytical view of the relationship between a business and society. The second element is public responsibility. This concerns the individual firm and its processes and outcomes within the framework of its own principles in terms of what it actually does. The third element is managerial discretion. This element refers to the members of the organization, managers especially, as moral actors of the company. Managers are under obligation

Juvenile Justice System in California Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Justice System in California Essay Does the Time Fit the Crime? This is a call to action, how much do we actually know about the California Juvenile Justice system? Have we given up on today’s youth? There are more than 2,500 juvenile offender’s states wide that have been sentenced to life in prison or life without parole. They are sent to adult court in which they were convicted for their crimes. This is costing California tax payers 2. 5 million dollars a year to house each offender, and approximately 252,000 a year per youth in the CYA (Krinsky, Pierce, Woodford,p1;Kita,p1). How does this affect their psychological development? Of the different races which is most effected? Is it teaching them to be better individuals or better criminals? What effects does it have on the youth’s family? Is justice being served? As of today there are 300 youth juveniles incarcerated in the state of California that have been given life or life without parole. Does race, social, and environmental factors play a role in the sentencing phase? Does the time fit the crime? Is it appropriate for juveniles to be sentenced as adults? The Juvenile Justice Court System was designed and dedicated to the adjudication of crimes committed by juvenile youth offenders. To be over seen by the Los Angeles Superior Court Division of Juvenile Courts (Shouselaw). Their sole purpose and goal is the rehabilitation of youth offenders. In 1943 the state of California opened CYA as a reform school; but today it functions similar to the adult prisons today (Kita, p1). Youth that are prosecuted in adult court are moved out of CYA at 18 and sent to adult prison to serve the reminder of their time (Kita, p1). Fewer juvenile offenders are being committed to CYA, and more are being sent directly to adult prison. â€Å" Despite declines in juvenile confinement over the last decade, California still has the 10th highest rate of juvenile incarceration in the nation (271 per 100,000) and the fifth highest White-Black racial disparity: Black children are incarcerated at 8. 5 times the rate of White children† (Children Defense Fund). â€Å" There are many factors and statistics used in the arguments for and against juvenile sentences of life without parole (LWOP), however the statistics involving he much higher percentage, of blacks serving life sentences than whites are very rarely mentioned† (Bell,p. 2). This is further data that supports the argument that black youth has the highest ratio of incarceration. The legislature is considering bill SB399 which would allow a second chance opportunity, this shows that the state of California Juvenile System is in need of reform and structuring. Without SB399 there isn’t any way to revisit these sentences. (Krinsky, Pierce, Woodford, p. 2). What immediate changes need to take place today to reduce the number of youths, being incarceration? According to the group Reforming the Juvenile Justice System, the United States is the only country in the world that sentences young people to life in prison without the possibility of parole for crimes they committed when they were teenagers (RJJS). In California approximately 300 youth have been given this sentence – a sentence to die in prison for mistakes they made during adolescence. According to â€Å"Human Rights Watch estimates, a majority of these young people (59 percent) were first time offenders, and almost half (45 percent) were convicted of murder but were not the ones who actually committed the murder† (RJJS). What can we do as a society and community to help carve the problem within our communities to ensure our youth are being treated fairly in the juvenile system? There are several problems and issues that the juvenile justice systems face today. Allegations of mistreatment, abuse, excessive force, 23 hour confinement in their cells, locking juveniles in cages at school, not providing adequate medical and mental health services, and perpetuation of gang related violence among the youth offenders. (Shouselaw,p.? ). We as a society have to raise the question? How have these problems and issues gone unaddressed for so long? Who do we hold accountable for these allegations? Therefore, asking how this effects their psychological development and how much of it impacts their social interactions and behavior. Youth advocates have argued that juvenile youth offenders’ brains are not mature enough to fully understand the seriousness of their crimes they’ve been accused of. The organization CDFCA has stated that: â€Å"Adolescent brain development research has helped us understand the ways that youth are fundamentally different from adults. With the prefrontal lobe of the brain still developing throughout the teenage years, adolescents have more difficulty processing information, making logical in-the-moment decisions, weighing long-term consequences, and avoiding peer pressure. Given this research in adolescent brain development, policymakers and even the Supreme Court have recognized that youth are less culpable than adults for their actions and more likely to be rehabilitated. The Children’s Defense Fund – CA believes strongly that policies around incarceration and sentencing should reflect these developmental differences, and that youth should be kept out of the adult criminal justice system and given the opportunity for rehabilitation† (RJJS,p. 1). Subsequently, providing the evidence of how broken the juvenile system truly is, Richard A. Mendel wrote, We now have overwhelming evidence showing that wholesale incarceration of juvenile offenders is a counterproductive public policy† (Mendel, p. 1) Stating that the current juvenile justice system. Which relies heavily on mass incarceration of teen offenders, is badly broken? The violence and abuse within youth facilities is bad enough, but these institutions also fail to rehabilitate the youth within them. (Mendel, p. 1) Adding reinforcement that something must be done immediately to save our youth; leaving us to wonder how these effects will ultimately shape their lives for the better or the worst. There is a sense of hopelessness and despair that illuminates over these juveniles. Are the sentences handed down in these cases justified? Has justice being served in these cases? Supports of juvenile reform has provided data and research that back their claims that black youth are being sentence to much long terms than any of other race. The Human Rights Watch organization conducted research in California and found that there is discrimination when sentencing black youth offenders: † The states application of the law is also unjust. Eighty-five percent of youth sentenced to life without parole are people of color, with 75 percent of all cases in California being African American or Hispanic youth. African American youth are sentenced to life without parole at a rate that is 18. 3 times the rate for whites. Hispanic youth in California are sentenced to life without parole at a rate that is five times the rate of white youth in the state California has the worst record in the country for racially disproportionate sentencing. In California, African American youth are sentenced to life without parole at rates that suggest unequal treatment before sentencing courts. This unequal treatment by sentencing courts cannot be explained only by white and African American youths differential involvement in crime† (HRWO,p. 1). In addition to discrimination they also found that â€Å"In California alone, more than half of the youth sentenced are first time offenders with no previous criminal record. The Human Rights Watch survey of these inmates also found that many had not actually committed the murder and that their adult codefendants actually received a lesser sentence† (HRWO,p1). Therefore, pointing out that these youth offenders did not have adequate representation. The organization Human Rights Watch wrote: â€Å"Poor legal representation often compromises a just outcome in juvenile life without parole cases. Sending Approximately 227 youth have been sentenced to die in Californias prisons. They have not been sentenced to death: the death penalty was found unconstitutional for juveniles by the United States Supreme Court in 2005. Instead, these young people have been sentenced to prison for the rest of their lives, with no opportunity for parole and no chance for release. Forty-five percent of youth reported that they were held legally responsible for a murder committed by someone else. In California, the vast majority of those 17 years old and younger sentenced to life without the possibility of parole was convicted of murder. Showing that nationally 59 percent of youth sentenced to life without paroles are first-time offenders, without single juvenile court adjudication on their records† (HRWO, p1-3. ). Furthermore, this research support their claims that race, social, and environment factors play a major role in sentencing. Providing addition evidence that black and Latino juveniles are treated unfairly and justice is not being served. In conclusion, the California Juvenile Justice System is in dire need of reform. In January of this year Govern Jerry Brown, proposed is plan to end the juvenile justice division by March 2015(sfgate. com). Thus answering the questions posed there are a great deal, of problems and issues that must be addressed immediately. Like the mass incarceration of youth juveniles and mishandling of sentencing in these cases. And the harsh unfair life sentences or life without parole, which will have long term effects on their psychological development, which will impact their social and behavior interactions. This will limit their chance of ever being release. And give them an opportunity to start over with a clean slide. Furthermore, leaven a profound impact on the lives of their families. Shedding light on a decade of unfair inappropriate actions on behave of the courts. In which justice was not served in any of the cases.

The Bayesian Theory of Confirmation, Idealizations and Approximations in Science :: Scientific Papers

The Bayesian Theory of Confirmation, Idealizations and Approximations in Science ABSTRACT: My focus in this paper is on how the basic Bayesian model can be amended to reflect the role of idealizations and approximations in the confirmation or disconfirmation of any hypothesis. I suggest the following as a plausible way of incorporating idealizations and approximations into the Bayesian condition for incremental confirmation: Theory T is confirmed by observation P relative to background knowledge where I is the conjunction of idealizations and approximations used in deriving the prediction PT from T, PD expresses the discrepancy between the prediction PT and the actual observation P, and stands for logical entailment. This formulation has the virtue of explicitly taking into account the essential use made of idealizations and approximations as well as the fact that theoretically based predictions that utilize such assumptions will not, in general, exactly fit the data. A non-probabilistic analogue of the confirmation condition above that I offer avoids the 'old evidence problem, which has been a headache for classical Bayesianism. Idealizations and approximations like point-masses, perfectly elastic springs, parallel conductors crossing at infinity, assumptions of linearity, of "negligible" masses, of perfectly spherical shapes, are commonplace in science. Use of such simplifying assumptions as catalysts in the process of deriving testable predictions from theories complicates our picture of confirmation and disconfirmation. Underlying the difficulties is the fact that idealizing and approximating assumptions are already known to be false statements, and yet they are often indispensable when testing theories for truth. This aspect of theory testing has been long neglected or misunderstood by philosophers. In standard hypothetico-deductive, bootstrapping and Bayesian accounts of confirmation, idealizations and approximations are simply ignored. My focus in this paper is on how the basic Bayesian model can be amended to reflect the role of idealizations and approximations in the confirmation or disconfirmation o f an hypothesis. I suggest the following as a plausible way of incorporating idealizations and approximations into the Bayesian condition for incremental confirmation: Theory T is confirmed by observation P relative to background knowledge where I is the conjunction of idealizations and approximations used in deriving the prediction PT from T, PD expresses the discrepancy between the prediction PT and the actual observation P, and stands for logical entailment. This formulation has the virtue of explicitly taking into account the essential use made of idealizations and approximations as well as the fact that theoretically based predictions that utilize such assumptions will not, in general, exactly fit the data.

Drug Addiction and Service Training Program Essay

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law, RA 9163, also known as â€Å"An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program for tertiary level students, has three program components; Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC], Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS], and Literacy Training Service [LTS] – aiming to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth and developing the ethics of service and patriotism. Under the NSTP-MAPUA Office, which supervises the implementations of CWTS and ROTC, governed by R.A. 9163 of 2001, are MAPUA-CWTS and MAPUA-ROTC Offices. These two independent offices provide students a grading system, and different activities that endows students with theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences that are needed for community services. After finishing LTS/CWTS, graduates become part of National Service Reserved Corps; after finishing ROTC, graduates will be a part of Citizen Armed Forces. A human is a rational being, born free but are responsible for his own action, has his own identity for who he is, intrinsically a social being, and sexual in nature with uniqueness of expression – these are the characteristics of a person. Values are integrated in a person’s physical, intellectual, moral, spiritual, social economic and political aspects. By understanding the character and the definition of a person, maximizing these characteristics are crucial to be able to create a positive result in realizing his competence and ability. There are many opportunities that await each person, but blind enough to notice it. A person himself is best qualified in changing and directing his life for he’s always been given an alternative whether to do or not to do an act, and is accompanied by responsibility. Understanding Filipino values are very important in realizing how Filipinos behave and act, for these values serve as a basis on which every individual’s s trength in facing the challenges of life should be directed. The positive side of the Filipino values should be put in use and disregard the negative ones to be able to bring out the best in the Filipino society in general and the individual in particular. Each Filipino I blessed inherently by a set of values – value of respect for life, concern for the family and the future generations, value of truth, of justice, of equality, of promotion of the common good, and of concern for the environment. These values are in need to be awakened in order to serve as a vehicle and reinforcement towards our goal of realizing social change and progress. A group is defined as a collection of individuals with different personalities acting and interacting with one another in the process of living. Within a group, a leader or a set of leaders is/are appointed; the one who guides his members and possess certain qualities on effective leadership. John C. Maxwell‟s book entitled â€Å"21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader† helps people recogn ize, develop and refine the personal characteristics needed to be a truly effective leader that people would want to follow. For every group, decisions are made. There are different kinds of decision-making, for instance, having only one person to decide or having a majority vote. Difficulties are also encountered but there are some conflict resolutions and styles used to solve the problem. National security is the protection to preserve the nation’s physical integrity and territory. National security has an objective of defending the territorial integrity of the state and the freedom to determine one’s own government while, human security aims the safety and survival of people, shorthand for the same is freedom from fear of physical violence. It responds to ordinary people’s needs in dealing with sources of threats. Disaster is a phenomenon brought about by either natural or man-made hazards that causes great damage and suffering – for instance, in life and property. The community, composed of its people in a state or country, takes extra-ordinary measures on how to survive when everything we take for granted is gone, when structures we depend on have failed. Disaster preparedness is an activity which complies with the preventive measures, ensuring that the community is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted disastrous event in order to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to property. Disaster management is a planned step taken to minimize the effects of a disaster. DRUG – any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral changes when used. There are many consequences when people use drugs; their behavior changes leading them to do bad things to others and their selves, and all sorts of health problems. Every classification of drug abusers – from experimenters, occasional, regular users to drug dependent people, corresponds to certain counter measures, depending on the degree of drug abuse. The Republic Act 9165, known as the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002, is the one that deals on cases which involve the use of drugs.

Definition and Examples of Motifs in Writing

A motif is a recurring theme,  verbal pattern, or narrative unit in a single text or a number of different texts. Etymology:  From the Latin, move Examples and Observations Lana A. WhitedThe theme of abandonment and the motif of dual or multiple parents pervade the Harry Potter books.Scott ElledgeStuarts defeat, his frustrations in this attempt to seize perfect beauty and truth, gives meaning to his quest for Margalo, the motif on which the book ends.Stith ThompsonA mother as such is not a motif. A cruel mother becomes one because she is at least thought to be unusual. The ordinary processes of life are not motifs. To say that John dressed and walked to town is not to give a single motif worth remembering; but to say that the hero put on his cap of invisibility, mounted his magic carpet, and went to the land east of the sun and west of the moon is to include at least four motifs--the cap, the carpet, the magic air journey, and the marvelous land.William Freedman[A motif] is generally symbolic--that is, it can be seen to carry a meaning beyond the literal one immediately apparent; it represents on the verbal level something characteristic of the structur e of the work, the events, the characters, the emotional effects, or the moral or cognitive content. It is presented both as an object of description and, more often, as part of the narrators imagery and descriptive vocabulary. And it indispensably requires a certain minimum frequency of recurrence and improbability in order both to make itself at least subconsciously felt and to indicate its purposiveness. Finally, the motif achieves its power by an appropriate regulation of that frequency and improbability, by its appearance in significant contexts, by the degree to which the individual instances work together toward a common end or ends and, when it is symbolic, by its appropriateness to the symbolic purpose or purposes it serves.Linda G. AdamsonLouise Rosenblatt presents two approaches to literature in The Reader, the Text, The Poem [1978]. Literature read for pleasure is aesthetic literature while literature read for information is efferent literature. Although one generally re ads nonfiction for information, one must consider popular nonfiction to be aesthetic literature because both its form and content offer pleasure to the reader. In aesthetic literature, the term theme refers to the authors main purpose for writing the story, and most aesthetic literature contains several themes. Thus the term motif rather than theme best describes the different concepts that may swim below the surface of popular nonfiction.Gerard PrinceA motif should not be confused with a theme, which constitutes a more abstract and more general semantic unit manifested by or reconstructed from a set of motifs: if glasses are a motif in Princess Brambilla, vision is a theme in that work. A motif should also be distinguished from a topos, which is a specific complex of motifs that frequently appears in (literary) texts (the wise fool, the aged child, the locus amoenus, etc.).Yoshiko OkuyamaThe term motif is distinguishable in semiotics from the more common, interchangeable used word, theme.  A general rule is that a theme is rather abstract or broad whereas  a motif is  concrete. A theme may include a statement, a point of view, or an idea, while  a motif is  a detail, a specific point, which is repeated for the symbolic meaning the text intends to generate.Robert AtkinsonAn archetype  is a major element of our common human experience. A motif is a minor element, or smaller part, of our common experience. Both recur often in our lives and are also predictable, because they are the essence of the human experience. Pronunciation: mo-TEEF